Firewall ports to open files from the internet in Acrobat XI Pro (non CC)

Having an issue with a program that uses Acrobat to open files stored in an Amazon AWS S3 bucket.

I'm assisting with the support of this issue, but do not know enough about the firewall settings to know what needs to be opened:

Steps to recreate:

1. Through firewall, go to Acrobat.
2. Click File > Open
3. In the open field, paste the file location, which looks something like this:
   1. https://bucketname.s3.amazonaws.com/[path/to the file/ in the bucket]. 

When opening behind the firewall I get the following message:

A few notes after playing the troubleshooting game:

1. I tried doing the same steps on a document that was not using https and had a web based url... got the same message: leads me to understand that it is not just Amazon.. It just happens to the be the place I care about getting to.
2. Pasting the same location into a web browser opens the file so the file can be accessed through the firewall, just not through Adobe.
3. When I perform the exact same steps not behind the firewall, the document opens right up inside of Adobe and all is joyous.

Now that leads me here as all of the other posts I've read have not been specific enough:

Are there any non-standard ports that would need to be opened to allow Acrobat in particular to access a document from the internet? Any sites that would need to be whitelisted?

I know there should be a fairly straightforward answer to this, but I'm just not able to find it.

Thanks!!